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Microcontroller Kits
Programmer and Target 89s51
Simple Mikrokontroller 89s51 Trainer
Standart
Mikrokontroller 89s51 Trainer
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Humidity & Temperature Sensmitter SHTxx trough Serial RS232
1. Introduction
The SHTxx is a single chip relative humidity and temperature multi sensor module comprising a calibrated digital output. Application of industrial CMOS processes with patented micro-machining (CMOSens® technology) ensures highest reliability and excellent long term stability. The device includes a capacitive polymer sensing element for relative humidity and a bandgap temperature sensor. Both are seamlessly coupled to a 14bit analog to digital converter and a serial interface circuit on the same chip. This results in superior signal quality, a fast response time and insensitivity to external disturbances (EMC) at a very competitive price. Each SHTxx is individually calibrated in a precision humidity chamber. The calibration coefficients are programmed into the OTP memory. These coefficients are used internally during measurements to calibrate the signals from the sensors.
The 2-wire serial interface and internal voltage regulation allows easy and fast system integration. Its tiny size and low power consumption makes it the ultimate choice for even the most demanding applications. The device is supplied in either a surface-mountable LCC (Leadless Chip Carrier) or as a pluggable 4-pin single-in-line type package. Customer specific packaging options may be available on request.
2 Implementation
This application note gives an example for microcontroller C code. It includes code for:
• Readout of Humidity (RH) or Temperature (T) from SHTxx with basic error handling
• Calculation of RH linearization and temperature compensation
• Access to status register
• Dewpoint calculation from RH and T
• UART handling (to send the final data away, e.g. to a PC)
3.Sample Code /************************************************************** Project: SHT11 demo program (V2.0) Filename: SHT11.c Prozessor: 80C51 family Compiler: Keil Version 6.14 Autor: MST Copyrigth: (c) Sensirion AG **************************************************************/#include <AT89s53.h> //Microcontroller specific library, e.g. port definitions#include <intrins.h> //Keil library (is used for _nop()_ operation) #include <math.h> //Keil library #include <stdio.h> //Keil library typedef union { unsigned int i; float f; } value;//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------// modul-var //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- enum {TEMP,HUMI};#define DATA P1_1 #define SCK P1_0 #define noACK 0 #define ACK 1
//adr command r/w #define STATUS_REG_W 0x06 //000 0011 0 #define STATUS_REG_R 0x07 //000 0011 1 #define MEASURE_TEMP 0x03 //000 0001 1 #define MEASURE_HUMI 0x05 //000 0010 1 #define RESET 0x1e //000 1111 0 //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- char s_write_byte(unsigned char value) //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // writes a byte on the Sensibus and checks the acknowledge { unsigned char i,error=0; for (i=0x80;i>0;i/=2) //shift bit for masking { if (i & value) DATA=1; //masking value with i , write to SENSI-BUS else DATA=0; SCK=1; //clk for SENSI-BUS
_nop_();_nop_();
_nop_(); //pulswith approx. 5 us SCK=0; } DATA=1; //release DATA-line SCK=1; //clk #9 for ackerror=DATA; //check ack (DATA will be pulled down by SHT11) SCK=0;
return error; //error=1 in case of no acknowledge} //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------char s_read_byte(unsigned char ack)/----------------------------------------------------------------------------------// reads a byte form the Sensibus and gives an acknowledge in case of ack=1"{ unsigned char i,val=0; DATA=1; //release DATA-line for (i=0x80;i>0;i/=2) //shift bit for masking { SCK=1; //clk for SENSI-BUS if (DATA) val=(val | i); //read bit SCK=0; } DATA=!ack; //in case of "ack==1" pull down DATA-Line SCK=1; //clk #9 for ack _nop_();_nop_();_nop_(); //pulswith approx. 5 us SCK=0; DATA=1; //release DATA-line return val; } //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- void s_transstart(void) //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // generates a transmission start // _____ ________ // DATA: |_______| // ___ ___ // SCK : ___| |___| |______ { DATA=1; SCK=0; //Initial state _nop_(); SCK=1; _nop_(); DATA=0; _nop_(); SCK=0; _nop_();_nop_();_nop_(); SCK=1; _nop_(); DATA=1; _nop_(); SCK=0; } //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- void s_connectionreset(void) //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // communication reset: DATA-line=1 and at least 9 SCK cycles followed by transstart // _____________________________________________________ ________ // DATA: |_______| // _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ ___ // SCK : __| |__| |__| |__| |__| |__| |__| |__| |__| |______| |___| |______ { unsigned char i; DATA=1; SCK=0; //Initial state for(i=0;i<9;i++) //9 SCK cycles { SCK=1; SCK=0; } s_transstart(); //transmission start } //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- char s_softreset(void) //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // resets the sensor by a softreset { unsigned char error=0; s_connectionreset(); //reset communication error+=s_write_byte(RESET); //send RESET-command to sensor return error; //error=1 in case of no response form the sensor } //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- char s_read_statusreg(unsigned char *p_value, unsigned char *p_checksum) //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // reads the status register with checksum (8-bit) { unsigned char error=0;
s_transstart(); //transmission start error=s_write_byte(STATUS_REG_R); //send command to sensor *p_value=s_read_byte(ACK); //read status register (8-bit) *p_checksum=s_read_byte(noACK); //read checksum (8-bit) return error; //error=1 in case of no response form the sensor } //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- char s_write_statusreg(unsigned char *p_value) //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // writes the status register with checksum (8-bit) { unsigned char error=0; s_transstart(); //transmission start error+=s_write_byte(STATUS_REG_W);//send command to sensor error+=s_write_byte(*p_value); //send value of status register return error; //error>=1 in case of no response form the sensor } //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- char s_measure(unsigned char *p_value, unsigned char *p_checksum, unsigned char mode) //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // makes a measurement (humidity/temperature) with checksum { unsigned error=0; unsigned int i; s_transstart(); //transmission start switch(mode){ //send command to sensor case TEMP : error+=s_write_byte(MEASURE_TEMP); break; case HUMI : error+=s_write_byte(MEASURE_HUMI); break; default : break; } for (i=0;i<65535;i++) if(DATA==0) break; //wait until sensor has finished the measurement if(DATA) error+=1; // or timeout (~2 sec.) is reached *(p_value) =s_read_byte(ACK); //read the first byte (MSB) *(p_value+1)=s_read_byte(ACK); //read the second byte (LSB) *p_checksum =s_read_byte(noACK); //read checksum return error; } //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- void init_uart() //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Initializes the UART so the final data can be sent away, e.g. to a PC //9600 bps @ 11.059 MHz {SCON = 0x52; TMOD = 0x20; TCON = 0x69; TH1 = 0xfd; } //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- void calc_sth11(float *p_humidity ,float *p_temperature) //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // calculates temperature [C] and humidity [%RH] // input : humi [Ticks] (12 bit) // temp [Ticks] (14 bit) // output: humi [%RH] // temp [C] { const float C1=-4.0; // for 12 Bit const float C2= 0.0405; // for 12 Bit const float C3=-0.0000028; // for 12 Bit const float T1=0.01; // for 14 Bit @ 5V const float T2=0.00008; // for 14 Bit @ 5V float rh=*p_humidity; // rh: Humidity [Ticks] 12 Bit float t=*p_temperature; // t: Temperature [Ticks] 14 Bit float rh_lin; // rh_lin: Humidity linear float rh_true; // rh_true: Temperature compensated humidity float t_C; // t_C : Temperature [C] t_C=t*0.01 – 40; //calc. Temperature from ticks to [C] rh_lin=C3*rh*rh + C2*rh + C1; //calc. Humidity from ticks to [%RH] rh_true=(t_C-25)*(T1+T2*rh)+rh_lin; //calc. Temperature compensated humidity [%RH] if(rh_true>100)rh_true=100; //cut if the value is outside of if(rh_true<0.1)rh_true=0.1; //the physical possible range *p_temperature=t_C; //return temperature [C] *p_humidity=rh_true; //return humidity[%RH] }
//-------------------------------------------------------------------- calc_dewpoint(float h,float t) //-------------------------------------------------------------------- // calculates dew point // input: humidity [%RH], temperature [C] // output: dew point [C] { float logEx,dew_point ; logEx=0.66077+7.5*t/(237.3+t)+(log10(h)-2) ; dew_point = (logEx – 0.66077)*237.3/(0.66077+7.5-logEx) ; return dew_point; } //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- void main() //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // sample program that shows how to use SHT11 functions // 1. connection reset // 2. measure humidity [ticks](12 bit) and temperature [ticks](14 bit) // 3. calculate humidity [%RH] and temperature [C] // 4. calculate dew point [C] // 5. print temperature, humidity, dew point { value humi_val,temp_val; float dew_point; unsigned char error,checksum; unsigned int i; init_uart(); s_connectionreset(); while(1) { error=0; error+=s_measure((unsigned char*) &humi_val.i,&checksum,HUMI); //measure humidity error+=s_measure((unsigned char*) &temp_val.i,&checksum,TEMP); //measure temperature if(error!=0) s_connectionreset(); //in case of an error: connection reset else { humi_val.f=(float)humi_val.i; //converts integer to float temp_val.f=(float)temp_val.i; //converts integer to float calc_sth11(&humi_val.f,&temp_val.f); //calculate humidity, temperature dew_point=calc_dewpoint(humi_val.f,temp_val.f); //calculate dew point //send final data to serial interface (UART) printf(“temp:%5.1fC humi:%5.1f%% dew point:%5.1fCn”,temp_val.f,humi_val.f,dew_point); } //----------wait approx. 0.8s to avoid heating up SHTxx------------------------------ for (i=0;i<40000;i++); //(be sure that the compiler doesn’t eliminate this line!) //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- } }
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